There are languages where the runtime is faster than PHP. However, that's often irrelevant since the language runtime isn't usually a significant bottleneck.
Laravel Octane is a useful way of improving application performance. However, it can't help with everything and you shouldn't use it as a crutch.
You can't just assume you need jQuery all the time, and if you don't, you can save a lot of bandwidth.
If you're logged into your application, it may be making unnecessary repeated requests to fetch the user. Learn how to cache the user to eliminate this.
Any dependencies in a controller can potentially slow down the response time. By managing them effectively, you can reduce their impact.
The DATEDIFF function in SQL can be slow. Replacing it with CURDATE can often help performance on complex queries.
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